Direct and Indirect Speech MCQs
Change the form of speech:
He said, "I am glad to be here this evening."
He said he was glad to be here this evening.
He said that he is glad to be there that evening.
He said that he was glad to be here that evening.
He said that he was glad to be there that evening.
Explanation:"am" -> "was", "here" -> "there", "this evening" -> "that evening".
Change the form of speech:
The general said, "Bravo! You have done wonders."
The general exclaimed with applause that they had done wonders.
The general said bravo that they had done wonders.
The general applauded that they have done wonders.
The general applauded them, saying that they had done wonders.
Explanation:`Bravo` is an expression of approval, so `applauded` is an excellent reporting verb. Present perfect (`have done`) changes to past perfect (`had done`).
Change the form of speech:
"Good morning," he said.
He said good morning.
He told me good morning.
He greeted me good morning.
He wished me good morning.
Explanation:Greetings are typically reported using the verb "wished" or "bade".
Change the form of speech:
The general commanded his soldiers to march forward.
The general said to his soldiers, "Please march forward."
The general said, "Soldiers, you should march forward."
The general said to his soldiers, "They will march forward."
The general said to his soldiers, "March forward!"
Explanation:The indirect command `commanded... to march` becomes the direct, imperative command `"March forward!"`.
Change the form of speech:
He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his wallet.
He said, "I have lost my wallet."
He said, "Oh, I had lost my wallet."
He said, "Alas! He has lost his wallet."
He said, "Alas! I have lost my wallet."
Explanation:`exclaimed with sorrow` is best represented by the interjection `"Alas!"`. The past perfect `had lost` reverts to the present perfect `have lost` in direct speech.
Change the form of speech:
She remarked that it was a cold day.
She said, "What a cold day."
She said, "It was a cold day."
She said, "It has been a cold day."
She said, "It is a cold day."
Explanation:The simple past `was` reverts to the simple present `is` in the direct statement.
Change the form of speech:
I said to him, "Let us go out for a walk."
I asked him to go out for a walk.
I told him that we should go out for a walk.
I requested him to go out for a walk.
I proposed to him that we should go out for a walk.
Explanation:`Let us` indicates a suggestion, so `proposed` or `suggested` is the correct reporting verb, followed by `that we/they should...`.
Change the form of speech:
I asked him if he knew the way.
I said to him, "You know the way?"
I said to him, "If you know the way."
I said to him, "Did you know the way?"
I said to him, "Do you know the way?"
Explanation:The `if` is removed for a direct yes/no question. The past tense `knew` reverts to the present tense `know`, and the auxiliary verb `Do` is added to form the question.
Change the form of speech:
She said that she had to finish the assignment that day.
She said, "I have to finish the assignment that day."
She said, "I had to finish the assignment today."
She said, "I must finish the assignment that day."
She said, "I must finish the assignment today."
Explanation:`had to` can revert to `must` (or `have to`). The adverb `that day` changes back to `today`.
Change the form of speech:
He said to me, "What are you doing now?"
He asked me what I am doing then.
He asked me what was I doing then.
He asked me what are you doing now.
He asked me what I was doing then.
Explanation:It becomes a statement, so the verb ("was doing") comes after the subject ("I"). Present continuous changes to past continuous, and "now" changes to "then".
Change the form of speech:
He confessed with regret that he had been very foolish.
He said, "I was very foolish."
He said, "I am very foolish."
He said, "How foolish I have been!"
He said, "I have been very foolish."
Explanation:`confessed with regret` is the reporting of a direct admission. The past perfect `had been` reverts to the present perfect `have been` to reflect on a past action or state.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "Let me have some coffee."
He told them to have some coffee.
He asked if he can have some coffee.
He requested to let him have some coffee.
He wished that he might have some coffee.
Explanation:When "Let me" expresses a wish or desire, it is often reported using "wished that he might have...".
Change the form of speech:
He said to me, "Please help me."
He told me to please help him.
He asked me to help him.
He ordered me to help him.
He requested me to help him.
Explanation:The imperative sentence with "please" is changed using the reporting verb "requested" followed by an infinitive.
Change the form of speech:
"I don't know the way. Do you?" he asked.
He said that he didn't know the way and asked me that did I.
He said that he doesn't know the way and asked if I do.
He said he didn't know the way and asked me about it.
He said he didn't know the way and asked if I did.
Explanation:This is a compound sentence in direct speech. It's reported as two connected clauses. `don't know` becomes `didn't know`, and the question `Do you?` becomes `and asked if I did`.
Change the form of speech:
I said to him, "Are you a doctor?"
I asked him that was he a doctor.
I asked him if you were a doctor.
I asked him was he a doctor.
I asked him if he was a doctor.
Explanation:For a yes/no question, "if" or "whether" is used. The sentence structure becomes a statement (subject + verb). "Are" changes to "was".
Change the form of speech:
He said, "Thank you."
He said that thank you.
He told me thank you.
He said to me thank you.
He thanked me.
Explanation:Phrases like "Thank you," "Sorry," or "Congratulations" are reported using the corresponding verb (`thanked`, `apologized`, `congratulated`).
Change the form of speech:
She said that the earth is round.
She said, "The earth was round."
She said, "Is the earth round?"
She said, "The earth had been round."
She said, "The earth is round."
Explanation:For universal truths, the tense does not change in indirect speech. Therefore, when converting back to direct speech, it remains in the present tense.
Change the form of speech:
She said, "My brother is arriving today."
She said that my brother was arriving that day.
She said that her brother is arriving today.
She said that her brother was arriving today.
She said that her brother was arriving that day.
Explanation:"My" changes to "her", "is arriving" changes to "was arriving", and "today" changes to "that day".
Change the form of speech:
He inquired when the next train would arrive.
He said, "When would the next train arrive?"
He said, "When the next train will arrive?"
He said, "When does the next train arrive?"
He said, "When will the next train arrive?"
Explanation:The reporting verb `inquired` indicates a question. `would arrive` reverts to `will arrive` in the direct question format.
Change the form of speech:
The chairman said that it gave him great pleasure to be there that evening.
The chairman said, "It gave me great pleasure to be there that evening."
The chairman said, "It gives me great pleasure to be there this evening."
The chairman said, "It gives him great pleasure to be here this evening."
The chairman said, "It gives me great pleasure to be here this evening."
Explanation:`gave` reverts to `gives`, `him` reverts to `me`, `there` reverts to `here`, and `that evening` reverts to `this evening`.
Change the form of speech:
"Don't play with fire," the mother said to her children.
The mother told her children do not play with fire.
The mother asked her children to not play with fire.
The mother forbid her children to play with fire.
The mother warned her children not to play with fire.
Explanation:A negative command is often reported using "warned... not to..." or "forbade... to...". Option A is the most natural construction.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "Let us go for a walk."
He said that they should go for a walk.
He asked if they could go for a walk.
He told them to go for a walk.
He proposed that they should go for a walk.
Explanation:"Let us" usually indicates a suggestion or proposal. The most appropriate reporting verb is "proposed" or "suggested," followed by "that they should...".
Change the form of speech:
The captain applauded the players, saying that they had played very well.
The captain said to the players, "You have played very well."
The captain said to the players, "Well done! You played very well."
The captain said to the players, "You had played very well."
The captain said to the players, "Bravo! You have played very well."
Explanation:The reporting verb `applauded` implies an exclamation of praise like `"Bravo!"` or `"Well done!"`. The past perfect `had played` reverts to the present perfect `have played`.
Change the form of speech:
He wished that he were a king.
He said, "I am a king."
He said, "If only I am a king!"
He said, "I wish I was a king."
He said, "I wish I were a king!"
Explanation:An indirect wish is reported from a direct wish, which typically uses the phrase `"I wish..."`. The subjunctive `were` is used for hypothetical situations.
Change the form of speech:
She said, "Alas! I have lost my purse."
She exclaimed that she has lost her purse.
She said with sorrow she lost her purse.
She exclaimed sorrowfully that she lost her purse.
She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse.
Explanation:The exclamatory sentence is changed into a statement using "exclaimed with sorrow". Present perfect "have lost" changes to past perfect "had lost".
Change the form of speech:
She said that she could not attend the meeting the following day.
She said, "She cannot attend the meeting the following day."
She said, "I could not attend the meeting tomorrow."
She said, "I cannot attend the meeting the next day."
She said, "I cannot attend the meeting tomorrow."
Explanation:The modal `could not` reverts to `cannot`. The pronoun `she` becomes `I`, and the adverbial phrase `the following day` changes back to `tomorrow`.
Change the form of speech:
She said, "I have been waiting for hours."
She said that she has been waiting for hours.
She said that she was waiting for hours.
She said that I have been waiting for hours.
She said that she had been waiting for hours.
Explanation:The reporting verb is in the past ("said"), so present perfect continuous ("have been waiting") changes to past perfect continuous ("had been waiting").
Change the form of speech:
He said, "Oh! I agree."
He exclaimed with oh that he agreed.
He agreed with an oh.
He gave a cry of oh and said that he agreed.
He said that he agreed.
Explanation:Mild interjections like "Oh!" or "Well," are often dropped in indirect speech as their meaning is conveyed by the context or reporting verb.
Change the form of speech:
He said that he would do it then or never.
He said, "I would do it now or never."
He said, "I would do it then or never."
He said, "I will do it then or never."
He said, "I will do it now or never."
Explanation:`would` reverts to `will`, and `then` reverts to `now`.
Change the form of speech:
She said, "Hurrah! We have won the match."
She exclaimed that they have won the match.
She said with joy that they won the match.
She exclaimed joyfully that we had won the match.
She exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Explanation:"Hurrah" is an exclamation of joy. Present perfect ("have won") changes to past perfect ("had won"), and "we" changes to "they".
Change the form of speech:
I said to her, "I cannot help you at this time."
I told her that I cannot help her at this time.
I told her that she could not be helped by me at that time.
I said to her that I could not help her at that time.
I told her that I could not help her at that time.
Explanation:"said to" becomes "told", "cannot" becomes "could not", "you" becomes "her", and "this time" becomes "that time".
Change the form of speech:
He said to his servant, "Go away at once."
He asked his servant to go away at once.
He told his servant that he should go away at once.
He requested his servant to go away at once.
He ordered his servant to go away at once.
Explanation:This is a command, so the reporting verb "ordered" is most appropriate, followed by the infinitive "to go".
Change the form of speech:
She said to me, "I will call you tomorrow."
She told me that she will call me the next day.
She told me that she would call me tomorrow.
She told me that I would be called by her the next day.
She told me that she would call me the next day.
Explanation:"Said to" becomes "told". "will" becomes "would". "tomorrow" becomes "the next day".
Change the form of speech:
She said to them, "Will you listen to such a man?"
She asked them would they listen to such a man.
She asked them if they will listen to such a man.
She asked them whether they would listen to that a man.
She asked them if they would listen to such a man.
Explanation:"Will" changes to "would". The question becomes a statement introduced by "if".
Change the form of speech:
He asked his mother if she had cooked the meal.
He said to his mother, "Have you cooked the meal?"
He said to his mother, "Did you cook the meal?"
He said to his mother, "If you have cooked the meal?"
Both A and B are correct.
Explanation:The past perfect (`had cooked`) in an indirect question can revert to either the simple past (`Did you cook...?`) or the present perfect (`Have you cooked...?`) in direct speech, as both would change to the past perfect.
Change the form of speech:
The officer forbade his men to open fire.
The officer said to his men, "Please don't open fire."
The officer said to his men, "You must not open fire."
The officer said to his men, "I forbid you to open fire."
The officer said to his men, "Don't open fire!"
Explanation:The verb `forbade` in indirect speech corresponds to a direct negative command, `"Don't..."`.
Change the form of speech:
She exclaimed with wonder that it was a very tall building.
She said, "That is a very tall building."
She said, "How tall is that building!"
She said, "It is a very tall building."
She said, "What a tall building it is!"
Explanation:`exclaimed with wonder` often translates from a direct exclamatory sentence starting with `"What a..."` or `"How..."`. Option A is the most fitting structure.
Change the form of speech:
"Call the first witness," said the judge.
The judge commanded that they should call the first witness.
The judge commanded to call the first witness.
The judge commanded for the first witness to be called.
The judge commanded them to call the first witness.
Explanation:A command is reported using a verb like `commanded` or `ordered`, followed by an object (`them`, implied) and an infinitive phrase (`to call...`).
Change the form of speech:
She asked her son why he was crying.
She said to her son, "Why were you crying?"
She said to her son, "Why you are crying?"
She said to her son, "Why he was crying?"
She said to her son, "Why are you crying?"
Explanation:The past continuous `was crying` reverts to the present continuous `are you crying` to form the direct question.
Change the form of speech:
She warned me not to touch that wire.
She said to me, "You should not touch this wire."
She said to me, "Don't touch this wire!"
She said to me, "You must not touch that wire."
She said to me, "Don't touch that wire!"
Explanation:`warned... not to touch` becomes the direct negative command `"Don't touch..."`. In this case, `that wire` remains the same, implying the wire is not close to the speaker. If the wire were close, it would become "this wire". Both are plausible, but option C directly matches.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "Where do you live?"
He asked where do I live.
He asked that where I lived.
He asked where I live.
He asked where I lived.
Explanation:The reporting verb changes to "asked". The question is converted into a statement, so the verb "lived" comes after the subject "I". The simple present changes to simple past.
Change the form of speech:
The boy said, "I must go home now."
The boy said that he must go home then.
The boy said that he had to go home then.
The boy said that he must have to go home then.
Both A and B are correct.
Explanation:"Must" can remain "must" if it expresses a strong obligation, or it can change to "had to". Both are accepted conversions. "Now" changes to "then".
Change the form of speech:
I told them I had no time for them then.
I said to them, "I had no time for you then."
I said to them, "I have no time for them now."
I said to them, "I don't have time for you then."
I said to them, "I have no time for you now."
Explanation:The simple past `had` (used as a main verb) reverts to the simple present `have`. Pronouns `them` revert to `you`, and the adverb `then` reverts to `now`.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "I have passed the examination."
He said that he has passed the examination.
He announced that he had passed the examination.
He said that he had passed the examination.
Both B and C are correct.
Explanation:The basic conversion is C. However, "announced" is also a perfectly suitable reporting verb for this context, making B also correct.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "I saw this man long ago."
He said that he saw that man long before.
He said that he had seen this man long ago.
He said that he saw that man long ago.
He said that he had seen that man long before.
Explanation:Simple past ("saw") changes to past perfect ("had seen"). "this" changes to "that", and "ago" changes to "before".
Change the form of speech:
The visitor asked the child if his father was at home.
The visitor said to the child, "Was your father at home?"
The visitor said to the child, "Your father is at home?"
The visitor said to the child, "If your father is at home?"
The visitor said to the child, "Is your father at home?"
Explanation:The `if` is removed. The past tense `was` reverts to the present tense `is` to form the direct question. `his` reverts to `your`.
Change the form of speech:
She said, "I must leave now as I am getting late."
She said she must leave now as she was getting late.
She said she had to leave then because she is getting late.
She said she must have left then as she was getting late.
She said she had to leave then as she was getting late.
Explanation:`must` changes to `had to`, `now` changes to `then`, and `am getting` changes to `was getting`.
Change the form of speech:
The teacher said, "Be quiet and listen to my words."
The teacher told them to be quiet and listen to his words.
The teacher said that they should be quiet and listen to his words.
All of the above.
The teacher urged them to be quiet and listen to his words.
Explanation:An imperative is changed to an infinitive (`to be quiet`). `Urged` is a strong and appropriate reporting verb here, making it the best fit among similar options.
Change the form of speech:
The student said, "May I come in?"
The student asked if he may come in.
The student asked that he might come in.
The student requested to come in.
The student asked respectfully if he might come in.
Explanation:"May" changes to "might". A question asking for permission is often reported with "asked respectfully" or simply "asked".
Change the form of speech:
He said, "I am unwell."
He said that he is unwell.
He said that I was unwell.
He said that he had been unwell.
He said that he was unwell.
Explanation:The reporting verb "said" is in the past, so the present tense "am" changes to the past tense "was".
Change the form of speech:
The accused pleaded that he had not committed the crime.
The accused said, "I have not committed the crime."
The accused said, "I did not commit the crime."
The accused said, "I had not committed the crime."
Both A and B are correct.
Explanation:The past perfect `had not committed` in indirect speech could have come from either the simple past (`I did not commit`) or the present perfect (`I have not committed`) in direct speech. Both are valid conversions.
Change the form of speech:
She asked me where I had put her book.
She said to me, "Where you put my book?"
She said to me, "Where you had put my book?"
She said to me, "Where have you put my book?"
She said to me, "Where did you put my book?"
Explanation:The past perfect `had put` can revert to simple past (`did you put`) or present perfect (`have you put`). Since simple past is an option and fits perfectly, it is correct. The pronouns `I` and `her` revert to `you` and `my` respectively.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "I was writing a letter."
He said that he was writing a letter.
He said that he wrote a letter.
He said that he has been writing a letter.
He said that he had been writing a letter.
Explanation:Past continuous ("was writing") changes to past perfect continuous ("had been writing").
Change the form of speech:
The old man prayed that God might bless me.
The old man said, "God may bless you."
The old man said, "May God bless me!"
The old man said, "God might bless you."
The old man said, "May God bless you!"
Explanation:An indirect prayer (`prayed that... might`) becomes a direct optative sentence, which typically starts with `"May..."` and ends with an exclamation mark. The pronoun `me` reverts to `you`.
Change the form of speech:
The teacher told the students that they had been making good progress.
The teacher said to the students, "You are making good progress."
The teacher said to the students, "You had been making good progress."
The teacher said to the students, "They were making good progress."
The teacher said to the students, "You have been making good progress."
Explanation:The past perfect continuous (`had been making`) reverts to the present perfect continuous (`have been making`). The pronoun `they` reverts to `You`.
Change the form of speech:
Ali said, "I will go to Multan tomorrow."
Ali said that he will go to Multan the next day.
Ali said that he would go to Multan tomorrow.
Ali said that he would have gone to Multan the next day.
Ali said that he would go to Multan the next day.
Explanation:"will" changes to "would", and "tomorrow" changes to "the next day".
Change the form of speech:
"What did you eat last night?" she asked me.
She asked me what I ate last night.
She asked me what I had eaten last night.
She asked me what did I eat the previous night.
She asked me what I had eaten the previous night.
Explanation:Simple past (`did... eat`) changes to past perfect (`had eaten`). `last night` changes to `the previous night`.
Change the form of speech:
Ali said, "I went to Lahore yesterday."
Ali said that he went to Lahore yesterday.
Ali said that he had gone to Lahore yesterday.
Ali said that he went to Lahore the previous day.
Ali said that he had gone to Lahore the previous day.
Explanation:Simple past "went" changes to past perfect "had gone". "Yesterday" changes to "the previous day".
Change the form of speech:
He said that he had seen that movie the previous week.
He said, "I have seen that movie last week."
He said, "I saw that movie the previous week."
He said, "I had seen this movie last week."
He said, "I saw this movie last week."
Explanation:The past perfect `had seen` reverts to the simple past `saw`. `that movie` becomes `this movie`, and `the previous week` becomes `last week`.
Change the form of speech:
The hermit wished that the king might live long.
The hermit said to the king, "You may live long."
The hermit said, "The king might live long."
The hermit said to the king, "Live long!"
The hermit said, "May the king live long!"
Explanation:An indirect wish using `wished that... might` becomes a direct optative sentence, `"May..."`.
Change the form of speech:
He asked me what I was doing then.
He said to me, "What I was doing then?"
He said to me, "What are you doing then?"
He said to me, "What were you doing now?"
He said to me, "What are you doing now?"
Explanation:To convert to direct speech, the past continuous `was doing` reverts to the present continuous `are you doing`, and the adverb `then` changes back to `now`. The sentence also becomes a question with a question mark.
Change the form of speech:
He suggested that they should wait for the next bus.
He said, "We must wait for the next bus."
He said, "Should we wait for the next bus?"
He said, "We will wait for the next bus."
He said, "Let's wait for the next bus."
Explanation:An indirect suggestion using `suggested that they should` is the reported form of a direct suggestion, most commonly stated as `"Let's..."`.
Change the form of speech:
The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
The teacher said that the Earth is revolving around the Sun.
The teacher said that the Earth had revolved around the Sun.
The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Explanation:The tense does not change when reporting a universal truth.
Change the form of speech:
My friend said to me, "Do you have any spare time?"
My friend asked me that if I had any spare time.
My friend asked me if I have any spare time.
My friend asked me do I have any spare time.
My friend asked me if I had any spare time.
Explanation:A yes/no question is introduced with "if" or "whether". Present tense ("do you have") changes to past tense ("had").
Change the form of speech:
She told the boy that he might be mistaken.
She said to the boy, "You could be mistaken."
She said to the boy, "You might be mistaken."
She said to the boy, "You are mistaken."
She said to the boy, "You may be mistaken."
Explanation:The modal `might` (expressing possibility) reverts to `may` in direct speech.
Change the form of speech:
He proposed that they should go for a picnic.
He said, "We will go for a picnic."
He said, "Should we go for a picnic?"
He said, "We must go for a picnic."
He said, "Let's go for a picnic."
Explanation:An indirect proposal using `proposed that they should` is the reported form of a direct suggestion, most commonly stated as `"Let's..."`.
Change the form of speech:
The priest said, "May God pardon this sinner!"
The priest prayed that God would pardon this sinner.
The priest wished that God might pardon that sinner.
The priest said that may God pardon that sinner.
The priest prayed that God might pardon that sinner.
Explanation:An optative sentence (expressing a wish or prayer) is reported using "prayed" or "wished". "May" changes to "might", and "this" changes to "that".
Change the form of speech:
The traveler said, "What a beautiful sight!"
The traveler said what a beautiful sight it was.
The traveler exclaimed that what a beautiful sight it was.
The traveler told that it was a beautiful sight.
The traveler exclaimed that it was a very beautiful sight.
Explanation:Exclamatory sentences starting with "What a..." are often changed to statements using "exclaimed that it was a very...".
Change the form of speech:
I asked my friend where he had been all those days.
I said to my friend, "Where were you all these days?"
I said to my friend, "Where you had been all those days?"
I said to my friend, "Where you were all these days?"
I said to my friend, "Where have you been all these days?"
Explanation:The past perfect `had been` reverts to the present perfect `have you been`, which is a common way to ask about a recent period of absence. `those days` reverts to `these days`.
Change the form of speech:
The teacher ordered the students to be quiet.
The teacher said to the students, "You should be quiet."
The teacher said to the students, "Please be quiet."
The teacher said to the students, "They must be quiet."
The teacher said to the students, "Be quiet!"
Explanation:The indirect command `ordered... to be quiet` becomes a direct imperative command: `"Be quiet!"`.
Change the form of speech:
He said, "I shall go as soon as it is possible."
He said that he will go as soon as it is possible.
He said that he would go as soon as it would be possible.
He said that he should go as soon as it was possible.
He said that he would go as soon as it was possible.
Explanation:`shall` (expressing simple future) changes to `would`. `is` changes to `was`.
Change the form of speech:
My father advised me not to waste my time.
My father said to me, "You should not waste your time."
My father said to me, "No wasting your time."
My father said to me, "I forbid you to waste your time."
My father said to me, "Don't waste your time."
Explanation:An indirect piece of advice or a negative command (`advised... not to waste`) is often a direct negative imperative: `"Don't waste..."`.
Change the form of speech:
The captain said, "Bravo! You have played well."
The captain told him that he had played well.
The captain exclaimed that he has played well.
The captain said bravo that he had played well.
The captain applauded him, saying that he had played well.
Explanation:"Bravo" is an exclamation of praise, so "applauded" is the appropriate reporting verb. Present perfect changes to past perfect.
Change the form of speech:
She told me that she would go to Lahore the next day.
She said to me, "She will go to Lahore tomorrow."
She said to me, "I would go to Lahore the next day."
She said to me, "I will go to Lahore the next day."
She said to me, "I will go to Lahore tomorrow."
Explanation:`told me` becomes `said to me`. The modal `would` reverts to `will`, and the adverbial phrase `the next day` changes back to `tomorrow`. The pronoun `she` reverts to `I`.
Change the form of speech:
The beggar requested me to give him some food.
The beggar said to me, "Give me some food."
The beggar said to me, "Can you give me some food?"
The beggar said, "I need some food, give it to me."
The beggar said to me, "Please give me some food."
Explanation:The reporting verb `requested` directly implies the use of the word `"Please"` in the original imperative sentence.
Other Grammar Topics MCQs
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