Most Important Industrial Chemistry Quiz Test Online

Industrial Chemistry Quiz Test Online

Industrial Chemistry Test. 1

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1) Malachite Green is an example of a triarylmethane dye. What is the characteristic structural feature of this class?

A nitroso group on a naphthalene ring system.

Two azo groups linking multiple aromatic rings.

A core structure of anthraquinone.

A central carbon bonded to three aromatic rings.

This accurately describes the core structure of triarylmethane dyes, where a central carbon is bonded to three aromatic rings, one of which is in the quinoid form.

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2) Which of the following is a key characteristic of a thermosetting polymer?

It hardens upon heating and cannot be softened.

It softens upon heating and can be remolded.

It is made exclusively by addition polymerization.

It has weak forces between its polymer chains.

Heating causes extensive cross-linking between polymer chains, forming a rigid, infusible solid that cannot be softened by reheating.

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3) A polymer synthesized from more than one kind of monomer is called a:

Addition polymer

Homopolymer

Copolymer

Thermoset

The prefix 'co-' indicates that it is formed from two or more different monomers working together.

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4) A polymer that softens on heating and becomes hard again on cooling is known as:

A homopolymer

An elastomer

A thermosetting polymer

A thermoplastic polymer

The prefix 'thermo-' refers to heat, and 'plastic' refers to its ability to be molded. These polymers can be repeatedly softened by heat and hardened by cooling.

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5) Which component in a dye is primarily responsible for its ability to bind to a fabric?

The solvent medium

The auxochrome group

The quinoid ring structure

The chromophore group

Auxochromes are functional groups that intensify color and also help the dye to fix onto the fabric by interacting with it.

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6) The reaction by which monomers are converted into polymers is known as:

Esterification

Hydrolysis

Isomerization

Polymerization

This is the general term for the process of joining many small molecules (monomers) together to form a very large molecule (polymer).

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7) Azoic dyeing, also known as ingrain dyeing, is a method that involves:

Immersing the fabric in a colloidal form of the dye.

Applying the dye after a chemical reduction process.

Using a metallic salt to bind the dye to the fabric.

Producing an insoluble azo dye within the fabric itself.

In this process, the fabric is soaked in a coupling agent and then in a solution of a diazotized amine, forming the final dye 'in-grain' (inside the fabric).

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8) Vat dyes, such as Indigo, are applied to fabric in a special way. What is the key first step in the vat dyeing process?

Oxidizing the dye into a soluble, colored form.

Synthesizing the dye directly within the fabric fibers.

Treating the fabric first with a metallic salt.

Reducing the dye into a soluble, colorless form.

Vat dyes are insoluble, so they must be chemically reduced (often with sodium hydrosulphide) to a soluble, colorless form that can penetrate the fibers.

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9) What is the defining characteristic of a condensation polymer?

Formation with the elimination of a small molecule.

Formation from monomers containing double bonds.

The repeating unit and monomer have the same formula.

The product is always a thermoplastic polymer.

This is the hallmark of condensation polymerization, where monomers join together by 'condensing out' a small molecule, such as water.

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10) Which type of dye is applied to a fabric with the help of salts of aluminum or chromium, which form an insoluble complex?

Mordant Dyes

Vat Dyes

Direct Dyes

Disperse Dyes

Mordants are metallic salts that are applied to the fabric to form a coordination complex, which in turn binds the dye to the fabric.

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11) Congo Red is prepared by coupling tetrazotised benzidine with two molecules of which compound?

Sulphanilic acid

Phenol

m-diaminobenzene

Naphthionic acid

The structure of Congo Red confirms that two molecules of naphthionic acid are coupled with the tetrazotised benzidine.

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12) Which of the following is an example of a Nitro dye, containing the -NO₂ group as a chromophore?

Alizarin

Methyl Orange

Naphthol Yellow S

Indigo

The structure of Naphthol Yellow S clearly shows nitro groups attached to the naphthalene ring system.

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13) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an addition polymer formed from the monomer vinyl chloride, which is synthesized from acetylene and HCl.

Trichloroethene

Chloroethene

1,2-dichloroethane

Chloromethane

Vinyl chloride consists of a two-carbon alkene (ethene) with one chlorine atom attached, making its IUPAC name chloroethene.

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14) Bismarck Brown, used for dyeing wool and in boot polishes, belongs to which class of dyes based on its structure?

Triarylmethane Dyes

Nitro Dyes

Indigo Dyes

Azo Dyes

Bismarck Brown contains two azo groups (-N=N-) linking three aromatic rings, making it an azo dye.

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15) During the addition polymerization of an alkene monomer, what happens to its double bond?

It migrates to the terminal end of the polymer.

Its pi bond breaks to form new sigma bonds.

It is eliminated from the chain as a small molecule.

It stays unchanged within the polymer backbone.

The electrons from the weaker pi bond are used to form the strong sigma bonds that constitute the polymer chain.

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16) The polymerization of ethylene to form polyethylene is an example of what type of polymerization?

Copolymerization

Addition polymerization

Step-growth polymerization

Condensation polymerization

In this reaction, ethylene monomers add to each other in such a way that the polymer contains all the atoms of the monomer unit. The double bond breaks to form new single bonds.

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17) Which of the following is a common use for PVC?

Fishing lines and brush bristles

Imitation leather and corrugated roofing

Packing materials and cable insulation

Stockings and apparel

PVC is a versatile and durable plastic used in a wide range of building and consumer products, including floor covering, roofing, and imitation leather.

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18) Nylon-6,6 is a polyamide formed by the condensation reaction between which two monomers?

Ethylene glycol and Terephthalic acid

Vinyl chloride and Vinyl acetate

Phenol and Formaldehyde

Adipic acid and Hexamethylene diamine

Nylon-6,6 derives its name from its two six-carbon monomers: adipic acid (a dicarboxylic acid) and hexamethylene diamine (a diamine).

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19) The primary chromophore in azo dyes is the:

-NO₂ group

-N=N- group

Carbonyl group (>C=O)

Quinoid structure

This diazo linkage (-N=N-) is the defining chromophore for the entire class of azo dyes.

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20) What is the color of the indicator phenolphthalein in a basic medium?

Colorless

Yellow

Blue

Red

In a basic solution, the structure of phenolphthalein changes to a quinoid form, which imparts a distinct red or pink color.

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Industrial Chemistry Test. 2

1 / 20

1) Adhesives that are made from sources like vegetable matter, starch, or animal skin are classified as:

Contact adhesives

Natural adhesives

Synthetic adhesives

Thermosetting adhesives

These adhesives are derived from biological or inorganic mineral sources and are often referred to as bioadhesives.

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2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an addition polymer?

The polymer's backbone consists of carbon atoms.

The monomer units contain double or triple bonds.

No molecule is eliminated during polymerization.

The polymer is formed in a step-wise manner.

Addition polymerization is a chain-growth process. Step-growth is characteristic of condensation polymerization.

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3) The preparation of Methyl Orange involves diazotising which compound first?

Benzidine

p-nitroaniline

Sulphanilic acid

Dimethylaniline

The synthesis of Methyl Orange starts with the diazotization of sulphanilic acid.

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4) Hot glue, which is applied with a glue gun, is an example of which type of adhesive?

A natural bioadhesive

A drying adhesive

A thermoplastic adhesive

A UV curing adhesive

Also known as hot melt adhesives, these are thermoplastics that are melted, applied, and then harden as they cool to room temperature.

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5) The term 'bioadhesives' often refers to which category of adhesives?

Synthetic adhesives

Drying adhesives

Hot melt adhesives

Natural adhesives

Natural adhesives derived from biological sources are often referred to as bioadhesives.

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6) An example of a natural adhesive derived from starch is:

Dextrin

Rubber cement

Super glue (cyanoacrylate)

Epoxy

Dextrin is a type of adhesive made from starch, which is a natural vegetable matter.

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7) Which of the following dyes is also well-known as an acid-base indicator?

Indigo

Malachite Green

Phenolphthalein

Alizarin

Although classified as a triarylmethane dye, phenolphthalein is better known for its use as an acid-base indicator.

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8) What is the primary function of an adhesive?

To provide a decorative coating.

To adhere or bond two items together.

To dissolve the surfaces of two items.

To act as a lubricant between two items.

This is the fundamental definition of an adhesive – a compound that adheres or bonds two items together.

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9) Which type of adhesive is popular for crafts due to its ease of use with a wide range of materials?

Two-part epoxies

UV curing adhesives

Hot melt adhesives

Natural bioadhesives

Hot melt adhesives have become popular for crafts because of their ease of use and the wide range of common materials to which they can adhere.

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10) UV and light curing adhesives are composed of low or medium molecular weight:

Starches

Solvents

Resins

Elastomers

These adhesives consist essentially of low or medium molecular weight resins that polymerize upon exposure to light.

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11) What is the key application requirement for contact adhesives?

They must be applied to both surfaces and dried before joining.

They must be mixed just before use.

They only need to be applied to a single surface.

They must be applied while hot.

Contact adhesives form a bond upon contact after the solvent has evaporated from both coated surfaces.

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12) What type of chemical bond is formed between the monomers in Nylon-6,6?

Amide bond

Ester bond

Ether bond

Carbon-carbon single bond

Nylon-6,6 is a polyamide, formed by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine to create an amide linkage (-CONH-).

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13) The monomers adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine each contain how many carbon atoms?

Both contain 2 carbon atoms.

Adipic acid has 6, hexamethylene diamine has 2.

Both contain 6 carbon atoms.

Adipic acid has 2, hexamethylene diamine has 6.

Nylon-6,6 derives its name from its two starting materials, both of which have six carbons.

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14) How do drying adhesives, such as white glue and rubber cement, harden?

By a chemical reaction between two components.

By the evaporation of their solvent.

By cooling down from a molten state.

By exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.

These adhesives consist of a polymer dissolved or suspended in a solvent. The bond forms as the solvent evaporates.

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15) Elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosetting adhesives are all examples of what broad category of adhesives?

Hot melt adhesives

Natural adhesives

Synthetic adhesives

Drying adhesives

These are all classifications of adhesives created through chemical synthesis.

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16) Disperse dyes are primarily used for which type of fabric?

All types of fabrics equally.

Natural fibers like wool and silk.

Modern synthetic fabrics like nylon and polyester.

Cellulosic fibers like cotton.

Disperse dyes are used with modern synthetic fabrics such as nylon, orlon, polyester, and cellulose acetate.

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17) The para quinoid structure is the characteristic chromophore in which class of dyes?

Indigo Dyes

Nitro Dyes

Azo Dyes

Anthraquinone Dyes

The para quinoid chromophore is present in anthracene-type dyes, such as Alizarin.

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18) A polymer made from a single type of monomer, such as polyethylene from ethylene, is called a:

Copolymer

Homopolymer

Condensation polymer

Thermoplastic

Polymers which are synthesized from only one kind of monomer are called homopolymers.

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19) The synthesis of vinyl chloride monomer can be achieved by reacting acetylene with which substance in the presence of HgCl₂?

CH₃Cl

Cl₂

H₂O

HCl

Vinyl chloride is obtained from acetylene by treatment with HCl in the presence of HgCl₂.

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20) What is the function of an auxochrome like -OH or -NH₂ in a dye molecule?

To increase solubility and help bind the dye.

To act as the primary chromophore for color.

To cause the dye molecules to polymerize.

To decrease solubility for wash resistance.

The polar auxochrome makes the dye water-soluble and binds it to the fabric by interacting with oppositely charged groups.

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Industrial Chemistry Test. 3

1 / 20

1) The color of Methyl Orange changes from yellow in base to red in acid due to:

a change in ionic structure.

a hydration reaction.

the breakdown of the azo bond.

the removal of the sulfonate group.

The change in color of Methyl Orange is due to the change in the structure of the ions.

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2) What happens to the colorless, soluble form of Indigo ('Indigo White') when the dyed cloth is hung in the air?

It is oxidized back to the insoluble, blue dye.

It polymerizes on the fabric surface.

It reacts with a mordant in the fabric.

It is reduced back to the insoluble dye.

When the cloth is hung in air, the colorless compound is oxidized back to the insoluble colored dye.

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3) Which of these is NOT a typical use for Nylon-6,6?

Fibers for clothing and carpeting

Filaments for fishing lines and ropes

Molded objects like gears and bearings

Floor covering and gramophone records

Nylon-6,6 is used for fibers, filaments, bristles, and molded objects. Floor covering and gramophone records are uses for PVC.

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4) The process of using a glue gun involves which type of adhesive?

Applying a contact adhesive

Applying a drying adhesive

Mixing a two-part thermosetting adhesive

Melting and applying a hot melt adhesive

The glue gun melts the solid hot melt adhesive and allows the liquid to pass through onto the material where it solidifies.

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5) The synthesis of phenolphthalein involves heating phthalic anhydride with two moles of what substance?

Benzoic acid

Aniline

Benzene

Phenol

Phenolphthalein is prepared by heating phthalic anhydride (1 mole) and phenol (two moles).

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6) The primary difference between a thermoplastic and a thermosetting polymer lies in their:

Solubility in water

Molecular weight

Monomer composition

Behavior when heated

A thermoplastic softens on heating, while a thermosetting polymer becomes hard on heating and cannot be softened again.

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7) Which category of adhesives requires application to both surfaces before they are joined?

Drying adhesives

Hot glue adhesives

Natural adhesives

Contact adhesives

Contact adhesives must be applied to both surfaces and allowed some time to dry before the two surfaces are pushed together.

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8) Mordant Green 4 is a dye that contains which chromophore?

Nitro group (-NO₂)

Nitroso group (-N=O)

Azo group (-N=N-)

Quinoid ring

The -NO group is the chromophore in Nitroso dyes, and Mordant Green 4 is given as an example.

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9) Direct dyes, like Martius Yellow, can be applied directly to fibers like wool and silk because:

they are insoluble and get trapped in the fibers.

they are chemically synthesized within the fiber itself.

their auxochromes interact with polar groups in the fiber.

they undergo a reduction-oxidation cycle.

A direct dye contains an acidic or basic auxochrome which combines with the opposite polar group present in the chemical structure of the fiber.

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10) The chemical stability of a dye, meaning it won't wash out with soap or fade in sunlight, is referred to as its:

Fastness

Solubility

Chromogenicity

Affinity

The dye must be 'fast' or chemically stable so that the color will not wash out with soap and water, or fade on exposure to sunlight.

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11) Which of the following is NOT a main type of dye when classified by structure according to the provided text?

Vat Dyes

Indigo Dyes

Azo Dyes

Anthraquinone Dyes

Azo, Anthraquinone, and Indigo dyes are all classifications by structure. Vat Dyes are a classification based on the method of application.

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12) Condensation polymerization is also known as:

Radical polymerization

Chain-growth polymerization

Step-growth polymerization

Homopolymerization

Condensation polymers are also referred to as step-growth polymers.

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13) An adhesive made from inorganic mineral sources would be classified as:

Synthetic

Natural

Thermosetting

Thermoplastic

Natural adhesives are made from inorganic mineral sources or biological sources.

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14) Which of these adhesive types works by a physical process rather than a chemical one?

UV curing adhesive

Two-part epoxy

Hot melt adhesive

Cyanoacrylate (Super Glue)

Hot melt adhesives are thermoplastics that are applied hot and simply harden as they cool, which is a physical change of state.

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15) White glue, a common household and school adhesive, belongs to which class?

Contact adhesive

Hot melt adhesive

Drying adhesive

UV curing adhesive

White glue and rubber cements are members of the drying adhesive family, which harden as their solvent evaporates.

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16) What is a major advantage of modern synthetic adhesives over many traditional natural adhesives?

They are always less expensive.

They are completely non-toxic.

They are more biodegradable.

They offer extremely high bond strength.

Some modern adhesives are extremely strong and are becoming increasingly important in modern construction and industry.

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17) The structure of Alizarin is based on which parent aromatic hydrocarbon?

Benzene

Naphthalene

Anthracene

Phenanthrene

Alizarin is a typical anthraquinone dye, which is an anthracene-type dye.

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18) Para Red was the first azo dye prepared. Its synthesis involves the reaction of diazotized p-nitroaniline with what coupling compound?

Aniline

Phenol

β-naphthol

Dimethylaniline

Para red is obtained by the reaction of diazotized p-nitroaniline with β-naphthol.

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19) Addition polymerization is also known as:

Copolymerization

Chain-growth polymerization

Step-growth polymerization

Ionic polymerization

Addition polymers are also referred to as Chain-Growth Polymers.

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20) The 'lake' formed during mordant dyeing is:

an insoluble complex of fiber, mordant, and dye.

a colloidal dispersion of the dye.

a solution of the dye in water.

the reduced, colorless form of the dye.

The mordant forms an insoluble coordination complex between the fiber and the dye, which appears in the form of lakes.

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Industrial Chemistry Test. 4

1 / 18

1) The key difference in the final structure of thermosetting polymers compared to thermoplastic polymers is the presence of:

Extensive cross-links.

Aromatic rings in the backbone.

Weak intermolecular forces.

Repeating amide linkages.

Thermosetting polymers become hard on heating and cannot be softened, which is due to the formation of a rigid, cross-linked 3D network structure.

2 / 18

2) The reaction to form Nylon-6,6 eliminates a small molecule. What is this molecule?

Water (H₂O)

Methanol (CH₃OH)

Hydrogen gas (H₂)

Ammonia (NH₃)

Condensation polymers are formed with the elimination of simple molecules such as H₂O. The reaction image for Nylon-6,6 explicitly shows -H₂O.

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3) What is the structural formula of hexamethylene diamine, a monomer of Nylon-6,6?

HOOC-(CH₂)₄-COOH

H₂N-(CH₂)₂-NH₂

C₆H₅-NH₂

H₂N-(CH₂)₆-NH₂

Hexamethylene diamine is listed as a reactant for Nylon-6,6 with the formula H₂N(CH₂)₆NH₂.

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4) An adhesive that is a thermoplastic applied in a molten state is known as a:

Drying adhesive

Contact adhesive

Hot melt adhesive

Natural adhesive

'Hot melt' adhesives are thermoplastics that are applied hot and allowed to harden as they cool.

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5) Which of the following is an example of a synthetic adhesive?

Elastomer-based adhesive

Dextrin

Starch-based glue

Animal hide glue

Elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosetting adhesives are examples of synthetic adhesives.

6 / 18

6) What is the key functional group that gives an auxochrome its ability to bind to a protein fiber like wool?

A long hydrocarbon chain

A carbon-carbon double bond

An acidic or basic group

A central metal atom

The polar auxochrome binds the dye to the fabric by interaction with the oppositely charged groups of the fiber structure, such as the -NH₂ group of wool.

7 / 18

7) In the abbreviated formula for an addition polymer like polyethylene, -[CH₂-CH₂]-n, what does the 'n' represent?

The number of branches on the chain.

The number of chains in the sample.

The number of repeating monomer units.

The number of carbons in the monomer.

'n' is the degree of polymerization, indicating that the monomer unit in the brackets is repeated many times to form the long chain polymer.

8 / 18

8) The process of forming polyethylene can be catalyzed by Ziegler catalysts, which consist of trialkyl aluminum and what other compound?

Sulfuric acid

Mercury(II) chloride

Titanium tetrachloride

An organic peroxide

Ziegler Catalysts consist of a trialkyl aluminum and titanium tetrachloride.

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9) If you mix two different types of monomers, one with two acid groups and one with two alcohol groups, what type of polymer will you form?

An addition homopolymer

A polyester copolymer

A polyethylene copolymer

A polyamide copolymer

Polyesters are a main type of condensation polymer. The reaction between an acid and an alcohol forms an ester linkage. Since two different monomers are used, it will be a copolymer.

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10) Which of these is NOT a condensation polymer?

Polyethylene terephthalate (a polyester)

Nylon-6,6

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Bakelite (phenol-formaldehyde resin)

PVC is formed by the addition polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers. Nylon and polyesters are explicitly mentioned as condensation polymers.

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11) The main purpose of a mordant in dyeing is to:

Intensify the color of the chromophore.

Dissolve the dye so it can penetrate the fabric.

Reduce the dye to a colorless form.

Act as a bridge to bind the dye to the fabric.

The mordant forms an insoluble coordination complex between the fiber and the dye and binds the two.

12 / 18

12) The repeating unit in polyethylene is:

-CH₂-

-(CH₂-CH₂)-

-(CH₃-CH₃)-

-(CH₂-CHCl)-

The ethylene monomer (CH₂=CH₂) polymerizes to form the repeating unit -CH₂-CH₂-.

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13) The repeating unit in polyvinyl chloride is:

-(CHCl-CHCl)-

-(CH₂-CH₂)-

-(CH₂-CHCl)-

-(CCl₂-CH₂)-

The vinyl chloride monomer (CH₂=CHCl) polymerizes to form the repeating unit -CH₂-CH-Cl.

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14) What is the fundamental difference between homopolymers and copolymers?

The number of different monomers used.

Their final average molecular weight.

Their thermal behavior when heated.

The reaction type used for polymerization.

Homopolymers are synthesized from only one kind of monomer, whereas copolymers are prepared from more than one kind.

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15) Which of these is NOT listed as a category of synthetic adhesives?

Thermosetting adhesives

Elastomers

Thermoplastic adhesives

Bioadhesives

Elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosetting adhesives are listed as synthetic. Bioadhesives are referred to as natural adhesives.

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16) The hardening of rubber cement is an example of which process?

Evaporation of a solvent

Cooling of a thermoplastic

Polymerization initiated by light

Curing via a chemical reaction

Rubber cement is a member of the drying adhesive family, which hardens as the solvent evaporates.

17 / 18

17) What is the structural formula of adipic acid, a monomer of Nylon-6,6?

HOOC-(CH₂)₄-COOH

CH₂=CH-COOH

H₂N-(CH₂)₆-NH₂

HOOC-COOH

Adipic acid is listed as a reactant for Nylon-6,6 with the formula HOOC(CH₂)₄COOH.

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18) To create a thermosetting polymer, it is beneficial to use:

a pre-formed linear polymer.

a monomer with two functional groups.

a monomer with a carbon-carbon double bond.

a monomer with three or more functional groups.

To form a cross-linked network instead of linear chains, at least one of the monomers must have more than two functional groups to allow for branching. This leads to a thermoset structure.

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