Electronics Test. 3

Depending on its biasing, a transistor can function as either a switch or an amplifier.

The collector is moderately doped to reduce its resistance and is the largest region to dissipate heat.

This is the typical value for the potential barrier of a silicon p-n junction.

This type of rectifier uses two diodes, one for each half of the AC cycle.

This is the term for the intrinsic gain of the amplifier itself, without any feedback circuit.

The function of an AND gate is Y = A.B. Inverting this output with a NOT gate gives Y = (A.B)', which is the definition of a NAND gate.

A filter, typically a capacitor, is used to remove the AC components (ripples) from the rectifier's output.

The diode (D1) performs rectification (AC to pulsating DC). The capacitor (C) acts as a filter, smoothing the pulsating DC by storing and releasing charge, thereby reducing the ripple.

Starting from the right: 1+0=1. 0+1=1. 1+1=0 with a carry of 1. 1+0+1(carry)=0 with a carry of 1. The final result is 10011.

This is the correct statement of De Morgan's first theorem, which relates the NAND and OR operations.

An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is specifically designed for this energy conversion.

A transistor is an active component because it can amplify a signal, which requires an external power source.

The XOR (Exclusive OR) gate gives a HIGH output only when the inputs are different.

The wide depletion region in a reverse-biased junction offers a very high resistance to current flow.

Zener breakdown happens in heavily doped diodes with a narrow depletion region, where the intense electric field is strong enough to directly break covalent bonds and create carriers.

The overlapping of these bands allows electrons to move freely, resulting in high conductivity.

This is the correct simplification using the rules of Boolean algebra: A + A'B = (A + A')(A + B) = 1(A + B) = A + B.

The common-emitter configuration inverts the input signal, resulting in a 180-degree phase shift.

In its open-loop configuration, an op-amp's output saturates to one of its supply voltages depending on which input has a higher potential.

A bridge rectifier uses four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration to achieve full-wave rectification without a center-tapped transformer.