Nuclear Physics Test. 6

According to the theory of relativity, no particle with mass can travel at or faster than the speed of light. All other statements about neutrinos are true.

The immense heat generated by fission in the reactor core is carried away by a coolant (like water, gas, or liquid metal) to a heat exchanger to produce steam for turbines.

The nuclear radius is proportional to the cube root of the mass number (A¹/³). The ratio of the mass numbers is 81/3 = 27. The cube root of 27 is 3. Therefore, the new radius will be 3R.

The short-range strong force provides binding, while the long-range electromagnetic repulsion between protons tries to push the nucleus apart. This opposition shapes the curve.

A Helium nucleus has 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Total mass of nucleons = 2(1.0073) + 2(1.0087) = 4.0320 amu. Mass defect = 4.0320 - 4.0026 = 0.0304 amu.

Thick layers of concrete and lead are used to absorb the intense neutron and gamma radiation produced in the reactor core, protecting workers and the environment.

To balance the equation: Mass number A = (9+4) - 12 = 1. Atomic number Z = (4+2) - 6 = 0. A particle with A=1 and Z=0 is a neutron.

Using Einstein's mass-energy equivalence, E = mc². E = (1.0 kg) × (3 x 10⁸ m/s)² = 9 x 10¹⁶ J.

In electron capture, a proton-rich nucleus captures one of its own atomic electrons, converting a proton into a neutron and emitting a neutrino.

Americium-241 emits alpha particles, which ionize the air in a small chamber. Smoke entering the chamber disrupts this ionization, triggering the alarm.

If 87.5% of the sample has decayed, 12.5% (or 1/8) remains. Since 1/8 = (1/2)³, three half-lives have passed. Total time = 3 × 10 hours = 30 hours.

Nucleon is the collective name for the main constituents of the atomic nucleus: protons and neutrons.

To get to 1/16th, four half-lives must pass (1/2 -> 1/4 -> 1/8 -> 1/16). So, the total time is 4 * 3.8 days = 15.2 days.

Using Einstein's equation E = mc², E = (2.0 × 10⁻¹² kg) × (3×10⁸ m/s)² = 2.0 × 10⁻¹² × 9 × 10¹⁶ = 1.8 x 10⁵ J.

In beta decay, the total available energy is shared in a variable ratio between the emitted electron and the antineutrino, resulting in a continuous energy spectrum for the electron.

A bubble chamber contains a superheated liquid. A charged particle passing through creates ions that trigger the formation of tiny bubbles, leaving a visible track.